diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 658a3d5..727f097 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -42,28 +42,31 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'pdo';
+	public $dbdriver = 'pdo';
 
 	// the character used to excape - not necessary for PDO
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str;
-	var $_like_escape_chr;
+	protected $_like_escape_str;
+	protected $_like_escape_chr;
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
-	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
+	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() public functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword;
+	protected $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
+	protected $_random_keyword;
 
 	// need to track the pdo driver and options
-	var $pdodriver;
-	var $options = array();
+	protected $pdodriver;
+	protected $options = array();
 
-	function __construct($params)
+	/**
+	 * Pre-connection setup
+	 */
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
@@ -104,11 +107,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Connection String
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _connect_string($params)
+	protected function _connect_string($params)
 	{
 		if (strpos($this->hostname, ':'))
 		{
@@ -190,10 +192,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	protected function db_connect()
 	{
 		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
 
@@ -205,10 +206,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	protected function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE]    = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
 		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
@@ -221,10 +221,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * PDO connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the PDO driver class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function pdo_connect()
+	protected function pdo_connect()
 	{
 		// Refer : http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo-mysql.connection.php
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' && is_php('5.3.6'))
@@ -258,10 +257,9 @@
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
 		{
@@ -276,10 +274,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	protected function db_select()
 	{
 		// Not needed for PDO
 		return TRUE;
@@ -304,11 +301,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 
@@ -333,11 +329,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	protected function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver === 'pgsql')
 		{
@@ -347,7 +342,7 @@
 		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'sqlite')
 		{
 			// Change the backtick(s) for SQLite
-			$sql = str_replace('`', '', $sql);
+			$sql = str_replace('`', '"', $sql);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -358,10 +353,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -387,10 +381,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -413,10 +406,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -439,12 +431,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -483,10 +474,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return $this->affect_rows;
 	}
@@ -518,11 +508,10 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -550,20 +539,19 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	boolean
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
 		{
-			// Analog function to show all tables in postgre
+			// Analog public function to show all tables in postgre
 			$sql = "SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 		}
 		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
 		{
-			// Analog function to show all tables in sqlite
+			// Analog public function to show all tables in sqlite
 			$sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'";
 		}
 		else
@@ -586,11 +574,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	public function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
@@ -602,25 +589,24 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	public function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' or $this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
 		{
-			// Analog function for mysql and postgre
+			// Analog public function for mysql and postgre
 			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table).' LIMIT 1';
 		}
 		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'oci')
 		{
-			// Analog function for oci
+			// Analog public function for oci
 			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table).' WHERE ROWNUM <= 1';
 		}
 		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
 		{
-			// Analog function for sqlite
+			// Analog public function for sqlite
 			return 'PRAGMA table_info('.$this->_from_tables($table).')';
 		}
 		
@@ -661,13 +647,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Escape the SQL Identifiers
 	 *
-	 * This function escapes column and table names
+	 * This public function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	protected function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -704,14 +689,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * From Tables
 	 *
-	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
+	 * This public function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	public function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -728,13 +712,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	public function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
@@ -746,13 +729,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
 	 * @param   string  the table name
 	 * @param   array   the insert keys
 	 * @param   array   the insert values
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	public function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
 	}
@@ -764,7 +746,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -772,7 +753,7 @@
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	public function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -796,13 +777,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	public function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids   = array();
 		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
@@ -849,13 +829,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific truncate string from the supplied data
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
-	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
+	 * This public function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	public function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return $this->_delete($table);
 	}
@@ -867,13 +846,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	public function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -902,13 +880,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
 	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
 	 * @param	integer	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	public function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'cubrid' OR $this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
 		{
@@ -930,11 +907,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	public function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		$this->conn_id = null;
 	}
@@ -942,4 +918,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index 384b753..330a2e6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -51,10 +51,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		if (empty($this->result_id) OR ! is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -74,10 +73,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the result handler
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function result_assoc()
+	public function result_assoc()
 	{
 		// If the result already fetched before, use that one
 		if (count($this->result_array) > 0 OR $this->is_fetched)
@@ -116,10 +114,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return $this->result_id->columnCount();
 	}
@@ -131,10 +128,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
 		{
@@ -151,10 +147,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$data = array();
 	
@@ -224,7 +219,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -241,10 +236,9 @@
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -256,10 +250,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return $this->result_id->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 	}
@@ -274,7 +267,7 @@
 	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{	
 		return $this->result_id->fetchObject();
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
index c278c51..2c12d74 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -39,10 +39,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	protected function _list_databases()
 	{
 		// Not sure if PDO lets you list all databases...
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -59,11 +58,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	protected function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported PDO feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -80,11 +78,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	protected function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported PDO feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -99,11 +96,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * PDO Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	protected function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');